主要统计指标解释
铁路营业里程 又称营业长度(包括正式营业和临时营业里程)，指办理客货运输业务的铁路正线总长度。凡是全线或部分建成双线及以上的线路，以第一线的实际长度计算；复线、站线、段管线、岔线和特殊用途线以及不计算运费的联络线都不计算营业里程。该指标可以反映铁路运输业基础设施的发展水平，也是计算客货周转量、运输密度和机车车辆运用效率等指标的基础资料。
铁路电气化里程 指在全部铁路营业里程中已安装了供电线路及设备，可以供电力机车牵引列车运行的区段的总里程。
公路里程 指在一定时期内实际达到《公路工程[WTBZ]技术标准JTJ01-88》规定的等级公路，并经公路主管部门正式验收交付使用的公路里程数。包括大中城市的郊区公路以及通过小城镇街道部分的公路里程和桥梁、渡口的长度，不包括大中城市的街道、厂矿、林区生产用道和农业生产用道的里程。两条或多条公路共同经由同一路段，只计算一次，不得重复计算里程长度。该指标可以反映公路建设的发展规模，也是计算运输网密度等指标的基础资料。
民用航空航线里程
指统计期间内全部民用航空航线的航线总长度。航线长度指民用航空航线的计费距离。计算航线里程可按重复和不重复两种方法，前者是指各航线长度相加的总和；后者则要扣除各航线之间相同航段重复计算的部分。
输油(气)管道长度 也称输油(气)里程，指油品(或天然气)的实际输送距离，一般按输油(气)管道的单线长度计算。若包括复线和备用线长度则称为输油(气)管道延展长度，是指管道铺设的实际长度。我们通常使用的是不包括复线的“输油(气)管道里程”，该指标可以反映管道运输的发展规模和水平。
货(客)运量 指在一定时期内，各种运输工具实际运送的货物(旅客)数量。该指标是反映运输业为国民经济和人民生活服务的数量指标，也是制定和检查运输生产计划、研究运输发展规模和速度的重要指标。货运按吨计算，客运按人计算。货物不论运输距离长短、货物类别，均按实际重量统计。旅客不论行程远近或票价多少，均按一人一次客运量统计；半价票、小孩票也按一人统计。
货(客)运密度 指在一定时期内某种运输方式在营运线路的某一区段平均每公里线路通过的货物(旅客)运输周转量。计算公式为：
该指标可以反映交通运输线路上的货物(旅客)运输量运输繁忙程度，是平衡运输线路运输能力和通过能力，规划线路建设及改造、配备技术设备，研究运输网布局的重要依据。
货物(旅客)周转量 指在一定时期内，由各种运输工具运送的货物(旅客)数量与其相应运输距离的乘积之总和。该指标可以反映运输业生产的总成果，也是编制和检查运输生产计划，计算运输效率、劳动生产率以及核算运输单位成本的主要基础资料。计算货物周转量通常按发出站与到达站之间的最短距离，也就是计费距离计算。计算公式为：
货物（旅客）周转量=∑（货物（旅客）运输量×运输距离）
民用汽车拥有量 指报告期末，在公安交通管理部门按照《机动车注册登记工作规范》，已注册登记领有民用车辆牌照的全部汽车数量。汽车拥有量统计的主要分类：根据汽车结构分为载客汽车、载货汽车及其他汽车；根据汽车所有者不同分为个人(私人)汽车、单位汽车；根据汽车的使用性质分为营运汽车、非营运汽车；根据汽车大小规格不同载客汽车分为大型、中型、小型和微型，载货汽车分为重型、中型、轻型和微型。
邮电业务总量 指以货币形式表示的邮电企业为社会提供各类邮电服务的总数量，是用于观察邮电业务发展变化总趋势的综合性总量指标。分别按邮政业务总量和电信业务总量统计。邮电业务总量是以各类业务的实物量分别乘以相应的不变单价，得出各类业务的货币量再加总求得。
移动电话用户 指在电信运营企业营业网点办理开户登记手续，通过移动电话交换机进入移动电话网，占用移动电话号码的各类电话用户。包括GSM数字移动电话用户、CDMA数字移动电话用户和电信运营企业发行的报告期末已激活充值的能异地漫游的各种智能卡用户。
互联网上网人数 指平均每周使用互联网至少1小时的6周岁以上中国公民人数。
固定电话用户 指在电信运营企业营业网点办理开户登记手续并已接入固定电话网上的全部电话用户。包括普通电话用户、公用电话用户、窄带综合业务数字网（N—ISDN）用户、智能网专用接入终端用户等。按行政区划分为城市电话用户和农村电话用户。
城市电话用户 指直辖市、省辖市、地级市、县级市的市区、市郊区及县城范围内接入局用交换机的电话用户。包括分布在农村地区县团级以上建制的独立工矿区、林区、驻军等电话用户。
农村电话用户 指县城关区以下的集镇和农村接入局用交换机的电话用户。
住宅电话用户 指安装在居民住宅或农民家里并按照住宅电话用户登记注册和收费的各类电话用户。包括私人付费、单位付费和按规定免费安装的住宅电话用户。
长途电话交换机容量 指用于接入长途电话网的电话交换机的设备额定容量，包括国际电话交换机容量。
局用交换机容量 指安装在电信运营企业内用于接续本地固定电话的电话交换机容量，有倍增设备按倍增后的数量计数。包括现用和备用的人工或自动交换机的全部容量。不包括用户交换机容量。
移动电话交换机容量 指移动电话交换机根据一定话务模型和交换机处理能力计算出来的最大同时服务用户的数量。
Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Length of Railways in Operation refers to the total length of the trunk line
for passenger and freight transportation (including both full operation and
temporary operation). The calculation is based on the actual length of the
first line if this line has a full or partial double (or more). Not included
are double tracks, station sidings, tracks under the charge of stations, branch
lines, special-purpose lines and non-payable connecting lines. The length of
railways in operation is an important indicator to show the development of the
infrastructure of railway transport. It is also essential data to calculate
volume of passenger freight transport, traffic density and utilization
efficiency of locomotives and carriages.
Length of Electrified Railways refers to the length of the
section of railways in operation in which the power supply lines and other
equipment are installed for the running of electrified locomotives. The
proportion of the length of electrified railways to the total length of
railways in operation is an important indicator to show the modernization of
railways.
Length of Highways refers to the length of highways which
are built in conformity with the grades specified by the highway engineering
standard [Highways WTBZ-Technical Standard JTJ01-88] formulated by the Ministry
of Transport, and have been formally checked and accepted by the departments of
highways and put into use. The length of highways includes that of the suburb
highways at large and medium-sized cities, highways passing through streets at
small cities and towns, and also the length of bridges and ferry piers. It does
not include the length of streets in big and medium-sized cities and highways
built for the production purpose at factories, mines, forest areas and
agricultural areas. If two or more highways go the same section of the way, the
length of the section is only calculated for once and no duplication is
allowed. The length of highways is an indicator to show the development of the
scale of highway construction and to provide essential information to calculate
the transport network density.
Length of Civil Aviation Routes refers to the length of all routes
for civil aviation flights, which is used to account the freight, during the
period of statistics.. There are usually two ways to calculate the route
length: duplicated calculation and non-duplicated calculation, the former is
the sum of length of all civil aviation routes, and the latter should deduct
the duplication length of same route among all routes.
Length of Oil (Gas) Pipelines is used as an indicator to show the
development, scale and level of the pipeline transportation. It refers to the
actual transport distance of oil (or gas) products, and is in general
calculated according to the length of single pipeline. If the length of the
double pipelines and alternate pipeline are included, it is called the
extension length of the oil (gas) pipelines, which indicates the actual length
of the pipelines built. The commonly used indicator, the “length of
“oil (gas)” pipelines, does not include the double pipelines. It can
reflect the extent and level of development of pipeline transport.
Freight (Passenger) Traffic refers to the volume of freight
(passenger) transported with various means within a specific period of time.
This indicator reflects the service of the transport industry towards the
national economy and people’s living conditions, as well as an important
indicator used in formulating and monitoring transport production plans and
research into the scale and pace of transport development. Freight transport is calculated in tons and
passenger traffic is calculated in terms of number of persons. Freight
transport is calculated in terms of the actual weight of the goods and takes no
account of the type of freight and distance of travel. Passenger traffic is
calculated by the principle that one person can be counted only once in one
trip and takes no account of the travelling distance and ticket price. The
passengers who travel with a half price ticket or a child’s ticket is
also calculated as one person.
Freight (Passenger) Traffic Density refers to the
freight (passenger) traffic volume carried by a particular means of
transportation during a given period through one kilometre of a specific
section of transportation route. The formula is as follows:
Freight
(passenger) traffic density reflects how busy freight (passenger) traffic is on
transportation routes. It provides an important basis for balancing transport
capability and throughput capability, planning construction and upgrading of
transport routes, installing technical facilities and studying the distribution
of transport networks.
Freight Ton-kilometres (Passenger-kilometres) refers to the
sum of the product of the volume of transported cargo (passengers) multiplied
by the transport distance. It is an important indicator to reflect the
achievement of the transportation industry. This is an important indicator to
show the total results of the transport industry; to prepare and examine the
transport plan; and to serve as the main basic data for calculating the
efficiency, labour productivity and unit cost of transport. Normally, the
shortest distance between the departure station and the destination station
(i.e., the payable distance) is the basis in calculating the freight
ton-kilometres. The formula is as follows:
Possession of Civil Motor Vehicles refer to the total numbers of
vehicles that are registered and received vehicles license tags according to
the Work Standard for Motor Vehicles Registration formulated by the Transport
Management Office under the department of public security at the end of the
reference period. They are divided into categories. According to the structure of motor
vehicles, they are divided into passenger vehicles, trucks and others;
according to ownership into private vehicles and vehicles for the unit’s
use; according to kind of usage into working vehicles and non-working vehicles;
and according to size of vehicles into large passenger vehicles, medium-sized
passenger vehicles, small passenger vehicles and mini passenger vehicles, heavy
trucks, light-heavy trucks, light trucks and mini-trucks.
Business Volume of Post and Telecommunications refers to the total amount of postal and
telecommunication services, expressed in value terms, provided by the post and
telecommunications departments for society. This indicator reflects the overall
results of development of postal and telecommunication services. It can be
classificated as postal services and telecommunication services. Business
volume of post and telecommunications is the sum of all services in kind
multiplying with the unit price (constant price) to get the total business
value.
Mobile Telephone Subscribers refer to persons who have gone
through registration procedures in the operation points of enterprises engaged
in telecommunications and are hence connected with the mobile telephone
communication network through the mobile telephone switchboards and occupy
mobile phone numbers. Included are GSM digital mobile phone subscribers, CDMA
digital mobile phone subscribers and subscribers to intelligent phone cards
with roaming facility issued by telecommunications enterprises and which have
been subscribed to and activated at the end of the reference period.
Internet Users refer to the number of Chinese
citizens aged 6 and over who use the Internet at least for one hour each week.
Local Telephone Subscribers refer to all subscribers who have
gone through registration procedures in the operation points of enterprises
engaged in telecommunications and are hence connected to the local telecommunications
service provider through fixed line network. Included are general subscribers,
public telephones subscribers, N-ISDN subscribers and intelligent network
terminal subscribers. They are also classified in terms of administrative
districts as urban telephone subscribers and rural telephone subscribers
according to location.
Urban Telephone Subscribers refer to the number of telephone
subscribers, located at the different administrative districts of
municipalities directly under the Central Government, cities under the
jurisdiction of province, cities at prefecture level, downtown and suburb of
city at county level town and county towns, that are connected to the public
line telephone network, including rural mineral area, forest area, military area.
Rural Telephone Subscribers refer to telephone subscribers,
located at the towns below the level of county town and villages that are
connected to the public line telephone network.
Household Telephone Subscribers refer to telephone sets installed
in the dwelling units of urban or rural residents, and registered as residence
subscribers for payment, including three types of payment for the service:
private payment, public payment and free service in accordance with relevant
regulations.
Capacity of Long Distance Telephone Exchanges refers to the rated capacity of
telephone exchanges to connect long distance telephone network, including
capacity of international telephone exchanges.
Capacity of Office Telephone Exchanges refers to the
capacity (measured in gate) of telephone exchanges installed in the offices of
telecommunication service providers for communication between fixed telephones.
It includes the capacity of both manual and automatic exchanges in use and for
stand-by purpose. The capacity of subscriber exchanges is not included.
Capacity of Mobile Telephone Exchanges refers to the capacity of the
maximum services provided to subscribers at any one time as computed based on a
certain model of calls distribution and transacting capacity of the mobile
telephone exchanges.