主要统计指标解释
定基价格指数 在一个价格指数数列中，每个指数都以同一时期为基期计算的价格指数。通常以某一年为基期来计算。其特点是无论计算期如何变动，其基期固定不变（通常每5年更换一次基期）。从2001年起，我国改用国际通用方法计算定基价格指数，首轮固定对比基期选为2000年，即以2000年平均价格作基数。编制定基价格指数的目的在于观察物价变动的长期趋势和变动程度及其规律。
同比价格指数 同比指数是根据报告期的定基指数除以上年同期的定基指数取得的。
居民消费价格指数 是反映一定时期内城乡居民所购买的生活消费品价格和服务项目价格变动趋势和程度的相对数，是对城市居民消费价格指数和农村居民消费价格指数进行综合汇总计算的结果。该指数可以观察和分析消费品的零售价格和服务项目价格变动对城乡居民实际生活费支出的影响程度。
城市居民消费价格指数
是反映一定时期内城市居民家庭所购买的生活消费品价格和服务项目价格变动趋势和程度的相对数。该指数可以观察和分析消费品的零售价格和服务项目价格变动对城镇职工货币工资的影响，作为研究职工生活和确定工资政策的依据。
农村居民消费价格指数 是反映一定时期内农村居民家庭所购买的生活消费品价格和服务项目价格变动趋势和程度的相对数。该指数可以观察农村消费品的零售价格和服务项目价格变动对农村居民生活消费支出的影响，直接反映农村居民生活水平的实际变化情况，为分析和研究农村居民生活问题提供依据。
商品零售价格指数
是反映一定时期内城乡商品零售价格变动趋势和程度的相对数。商品零售价格的变动直接影响到城乡居民的生活支出和国家的财政收入，影响居民购买力和市场供需的平衡，影响到消费与积累的比例关系。因此，该指数可以从一个侧面对上述经济活动进行观察和分析。
农业生产资料价格指数
指反映一定时期内农业生产资料价格变动趋势和程度的相对数。其编制目的是了解农业生产中物质资料投入价格的变动状况，服务于国民经济核算。1994年以前，农业生产资料价格指数仅仅是商品零售价格指数的一个类别，此后，从商品零售价格指数中分离出来，单独编制。
农产品生产价格指数 是反映一定时期内，农产品生产者出售农产品价格水平变动趋势及幅度的相对数。该指数可以客观反映全国农产品生产价格水平和结构变动情况，满足农业与国民经济核算需要。其中某代表品生产价格指数是通过对全部有出售该产品行为的调查单位的个体指数进行几何平均求得的，类价格指数是通过对其所属的类（或代表品）的价格指数进行加权平均求得的。季度累计价格指数的计算方法与分季指数的计算方法相同。
工业品出厂价格指数 是反映一定时期内全部工业产品出厂价格总水平的变动趋势和程度的相对数，包括工业企业售给本企业以外所有单位的各种产品和直接售给居民用于生活消费的产品。该指数可以观察出厂价格变动对工业总产值及增加值的影响。
原材料、燃料和动力购进价格指数
是反映工业企业作为生产投入，而从物资交易市场和能源、原材料生产企业购买原材料、燃料和动力产品时，所支付的价格水平变动趋势和程度的统计指标，是扣除工业企业物质消耗成本中的价格变动影响的重要依据。
目前，我国编制的原材料、燃料和动力购进价格指数所调查的产品包括燃料动力、黑色金属、有色金属、化工、建材等九大类的近1800种产品。
固定资产投资价格指数 是反映一定时期内固定资产投资品及取费项目的价格变动趋势和程度的相对数。固定资产投资额是由建筑安装工程投资完成额、设备工器具购置投资完成额和其他费用投资完成额三部分组成的。编制固定资产投资价格指数应首先分别编制上述三部分投资的价格指数，然后采用加权算术平均法求出固定资产投资价格总指数。
该指数可以准确地反映固定资产投资中涉及的各类投资品和取费项目价格变动趋势和变动幅度，消除按现价计算的固定资产投资指标中的价格变动因素，真实地反映固定资产投资的规模、速度、结构和效益，为国家科学地制定、检查固定资产投资计划并提高宏观调控水平，为完善国民经济核算体系提供科学的、可靠的依据。
房地产价格指数 是反映一定时期内房地产价格变动趋势和程度的相对数，包括房屋销售价格指数、房屋租赁价格指数、土地交易价格指数和物业管理价格指数。这四套指数的计算方法相似，均采用由下到上逐级汇总的方法。
Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical
Indicators
Fixed base price indices
in a
series of price indices, each index during the same period are calculated as
the base year price index. Usually there is a particular year to calculate the base
period. It features no matter how change in period, the base period is fixed
(usually once every 5 years to replace the base period). Since 2001,
Price indices for the same period last year year-on-year indices is based on the reporting period divided by the
fixed base indices of the fixed base year-on-year indices achieved.
Consumer
Price Indices reflect the trend and
degree of changes in prices of consumer goods and services purchased by urban
and rural households during a given period. They are obtained by combining Consumer Price Indices of Urban
Household and Consumer Price Indices of
Rural Household. The Indices enable the observation and analysis of the
degree of impact of the changes in the prices of retailed goods and services on
the actual living expenses of urban and rural residents.
Consumer
Price Indices of Urban Household reflects the trend and degree of changes
in prices of consumer goods and services purchased by urban households during a
given period. It can be used to observe and analyze the impact of price changes
in consumer goods and services on wages (in monetary terms) of urban staff and
workers, and provide a basis for research on the livelihood of staff and
workers and policy-making concerning wages.
Consumer Price
Indices of Rural Household reflects the trend and degree of changes
in prices of consumer goods and services purchased by rural households during a
given period. It can be used to observe the impact of change in retail prices
of consumer goods and service prices in rural areas on living expenditure of
rural households, and to show the changes in the living standard of rural
households. It provides a basis for analysis and research on the condition of
life in rural areas.
Retail Price Indices
reflect the trend and degree of change in retail prices of commodities
during a given period. The change in retail prices of commodities directly
affect the living expenses of urban and rural residents, government revenue,
purchasing power of residents and the equilibrium of market supply and demand,
and the ratio of consumption to accumulation. Therefore, the retail price
indices are useful from an oblique perspective for observing and analyzing the
changes of the above economic activities.
Price
Indices for Means of Agricultural Production reflects the trend and degree of changes in the prices of the means of
agricultural production during a given period. Compilation of these indices
helps to understand the changes in prices of input into agricultural production
and facilitate the compilation of national accounts statistics. Before 1994,
price indices for means of agricultural production were a sub-category in the
retail price indices for commodities, and it has been compiled separately since
1994.
Producer
Prices Indices for Farm Products reflect the trend and degree of changes in
producers’ prices received by farmers when they sell farm products during
a given period. These indices depict the change in the level and structure of
producer prices for farm products of the country and meet the needs of
agricultural statistics and national accounts statistics. The producer price
index for a given product is calculated as the geometrical mean of individual
indices for all surveyed units which sell such product, and the indices for a
product category is obtained as the weighted mean of price indices for all
products in the category. Method for calculating accumulative quarterly indices
is the same as for calculating the individual quarterly indices.
Producer
Price Indices for Manufactured Goods reflect the
trend and degree of changes in general ex-factory prices of all manufactured goods
during a given period, including sales of manufactured goods by an industrial
enterprise to all units outside the enterprise, as well as sales of consumer
goods to residents. It can be used to analyze the impact of ex-factory prices
on gross output value and value-added of the industrial sector.
Purchasing Price
Indices for Raw Materials, Fuels and Power reflect changes in the level and degree of prices paid by
industrial enterprises when they purchase production input such as raw
materials, fuels and power from the market or from other energy or raw
materials producing enterprises. These indices provide an important basis for
measuring the material consumption of industrial enterprises after removing the
influence of price changes.
At present, close to
1,800 products in 9 categories, including fuels and power, ferrous metals,
non-ferrous metals, chemicals, building materials, are covered in
Price Indices for
Investment in Fixed Assets reflect the trend and degree of changes
in prices of investment goods and projects in fixed assets during a given
period. The investment in fixed assets consists of three components, namely the
investment in construction and installation, the investment in purchases of
equipment and instrument, and the investment in other items. Price indices for
investment in fixed assets are calculated as the weighted arithmetic mean of
the price indices for the three components of investment in fixed assets.
Removing the factor
of price change in the aggregates of investment at current prices, this
indicator shows the changes in the prices of commodities and fees involved in
the investment of fixed assets, and can be used to observe the actual size,
growth, structure, and efficiency of investment in fixed assets and provides
reliable and scientific data for government planning, management,
decision-making, and further improving the current national accounting system.
Price Indices for Real Estate reflect the trend and degree of changes in prices of real estate during a given period, including sale price indices for houses, price indices for renting houses, price indices for land transactions and price indices for management of properties. The methods for the compilation of these four sets of indices are similar in that they all use the bottom-up approach under which data are reported from lower level to higher level.